No they don't. This is an action taken by an US based company intending to use the US DMCA to force an US based ISP to terminate this users Internet account. The action was based on evidence gathered that this user had either attempted to or did download files that the complainant owned or was representing the owner of the files protected by copyright.
In short, a Cox Internet subscriber used a P2P program (a torrent) to commit this DMCA violation. The owner got hold of their IP address (easily done w/ P2P programs). Used Arin or similar to see it was coming from and the location of Cox's NOC. Since it was a crime, they subpoenaed Cox to get that account's owner and the rest is history.
Keep in mind they can also implant beacons into some music and video files that call home with the IP of who is ever using the file. The problem is proving where they got the file from in the first place, you can plead ignorance.
So there is why I avoid P2P. Yes VPNs will shield your address and they destroy the logs that tell which of their subscribers that IP was assigned to at that particular time. You really need to place your trust in your VPN provider.
So that's the story. Complicated yes and in part that's what keeps you somewhat protected. Keep in mind filesharing of material owned by a copyright can get you into a world of hurt unless you are very careful. Hear me now, believe me later according to Hans and Fran
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